Marker chromatographic analysis in toxicological chemistry

Savchuk S. A.
PhD, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Toxicology¹

1 - National Research Center for Addictions, Moscow

The paper critically analyzes the current system approach concepts of solving the problem of chromatographic detection of metabolites of new psychoactive substances in biological objects and detection of counterfeit alcohol. New approaches to the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis based on the selection of characteristic markers are proposed for the solution of problems of expert identification of new metabolites, authentication of alcohol-containing samples, methods for their production, the establishment of the common origin of the investigated objects, or their attachement to a single array.

chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, drugs, food, medicined, strong drinks, authenticity of the samples, analytical methods

1. Savchuk, S.A, V.P Nuzhnyj, V.V Rojanets Chemistry and Toxicology of ethyl alcohol and beverages made from it. Chromatographic analysis of spirits. Moscow: Librocom, 2011. Print.

2. Nuzhnyj, V.P, V.V Rojanets, S.A Savchuk Chemistry and Toxicology of ethyl alcohol and beverages made from it. Toxicology. Moscow: Librocom, 2011. Print.

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4. Savchuk, S.A, M.V Chibisova, L.A Anokhin A process to identify and determine the origin of unknown substances in alcoholic beverages. Patent for invention (19)RU(11) 2392616 С1 МПК GO1N 30/02 (2006 01).

5. Savchuk, S.A, S.A Apollonova Dual channel gas chromatograph for identification of adulterated alcohol and volatile poisons. Utility patent (19)RU(11) 83849 (13) U1 (51) МПК G01N 30/02 (2006.01).

6. Savchuk, S.A System for remote identification and recognition of objects of complex composition. Utility patent (19)RU(11) 77474 (13) (51) МПК G06K 17/00 (2006.01).

7. Savchuk, S.A, S.A Apollonova A method for identifying narcotic and psychoactive substances in biological fluids. Patent for invention RU 2390771 С1 МПК GO1N 30/86 (2006 01).

8. Savchuk, S.A, M.V Chibisova, S.A Apollonova, L.A Anokhin A method to identify unknown substances in biological fluids of patients taking drugs or substances. Patent for invention RU 2419788.

9. Savchuk, S.A, V.N Vlasov, S.A Apollonova, V.N Arbuzov, A.N Vedenin, A.B Mezinov, B.R Grigoryan «Application of chromatography and spectrometry for identification of the authenticity of alcoholic beverages (Review).» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 3 (2001): 246-264.

10. Savchuk, S.A, E.S Brodsky, A.A Formanovsky «Gas chromatographic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of glycol in drinking water and alcoholic drinks.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 8 (1999): 836-847.

11. Savchuk, S.A, Kolesov G.M «Ethyl alcohol nature markers: chromatographic methods for their detection.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 12 (2005): 1239-1250.

12. Arbuzov, V.N, S.A Savchuk « Identification of vodkas by methods of ion and gas chromatography.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 5 (2002): 515-521.

13. Savchuk, S.A, V.P Nuzhnyj «Chemical composition and potential toxicity of samples of legal and illegal alcohol production.» Narkologia 7 (2006): 67-76.

14. Nuzhnyj, V.P, S.A Savchuk «Toxicity of alcoholic beverages and acetone.» Toxicological Review 6 (2005): 1-3.

15. Savchuk, S.A, V.P Nuzhnyj, G.M Kolesov «Factors affecting the accuracy of the determination of diethyl phthalate in vodka, ethanol, and samples of illegal alcoholic beverages.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 12 (2006): 1301-1307.

16. Savchuk, S.A, G.M Kolesov «On the correctness of the chromatographic determination of phthalate esters, as an indicator of the falsification of cognacs and brandy spirits.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 8 (2007): 845-857.

17. Vyazmina, N.A, S.A Savchuk «Application of gas chromatography to identify the origin of the alcohol.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 8 (2002): 813-819.

18. Savchuk, S.A, G.M Kolesov « Chromatographic methods in quality control of cognacs and brandy spirits.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 8 (2005): 848-868.

19. Nuzhnyj, V.P, S.A Savchuk, R.I Kajumov «Chemical-toxicological study of homemade spirits (Moonshine from different regions of Russia)» Narkologia 5 (2002): 43-48.

20. Nuzhnyj, V.P, S.A Savchuk, I.A Turin, S.K Belov «Problem of denaturing additives to ethyl alcohol in connection with the investigation of samples of illegal alcoholic beverages.» Toxicological Review 5-6 (2004): 7-12.

21. Savchuk, S.A «A new microextraction method to identify the authenticity and toxicological safety of beers and wines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.» Narkologia 4 (2014): 67-89.

22. Simonov, E.A, V.I Sorokin, S.A Savchuk «Application of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and its precursors in the objects of different origin.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 10 (2004): 1070-1076.

23. Savchuk, S.A, A.N Vedenin, B.N Izotov «Detection of volatile toxic substances in biological fluids by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.» Narkologia 3 (2002): 37-45.

24. Rudenko, B.A, S.A Savchuk, E.S Brodsky «Chromatographic detection of analgesic narcotic drugs (Review).» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2 (1996): 182-201.

25. Veselovskaya, N.V, S.A Savchuk, B.N Izotov «Properties and analysis of tramadol opioid analgesic (Review).» Voprosy Narkologii 2 (1998): 41-53.

26. Savchuk, S.A, N.V Veselovskaya, E.S Brodsky, A.A Formanovsky, V.V Chistyakov, B.N Izotov «Application of chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to study the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of propofol, clonidine, tramadol, and phencyclidine (Review).» Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal 10 (1999): 29-52.

27. Veselovskaya, N.V, S.A Savchuk, B.N Izotov «Chromatographic analysis of phencyclidine, its metabolites and analogs in biological fluids (review).» Sudebno-Meditsinskaya Ekspertiza 2 (1999): 20-25.

28. Savchuk, S.A, E.A Simonov, V.I. Sorokin, O.B. Dorogokupets, A.N Vedenin «Application of fixing the retention times method under gas chromatography-mass spectrometric and chromatographic detection of drugs.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 10 (2004): 1059-1069.

29. Savchuk, S.A, B.A Rudenko, N.A Davydova, E.S Brodsky, T.F Borovkova «Detection of ketamine anesthetic drug in the blood by capillary gas chromatography applying thermionic detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 12 (1995): 1324-1329.

30. Savchuk, S.A, E.S Brodsky, B.A Rudenko, A.A Formanovsky, I.V Mikhura, N.A Davydova «Chromatography-mass spectrometric detection of the biotransformation products of the ketamine anesthetic drug.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 12 (1997): 1299-1311.

31. Savchuk, S.A, E.S Brodsky, A.A Formanovsky, V.V Erofeev, E.V Babanova, V.V Chistyakov, M.L Rabinovich, O.A Dolina, B.A Rudenko «Application of gas chromatography with selective detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for identification of metabolites of ketamine and research of ketamine conjugation processes and its metabolites in humans and rats.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 6 (1998): 663-670.

32. Savchuk, S.A, E.S Brodsky, A.A Formanovsky, E.V Babanova, N.V Veselovskaya, B.N Izotov, G.M Rodchenkov, V.V Erofeev, B.A Rudenko «Artifacts under gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection of drugs for intravenous anesthesia (I). Tramadol, connection between the structure of metabolites and impurity substances (II).» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 4 (2000): 430-442.

33. Lazarev, V.V, I.E Galibin, S.A Savchuk, B.N Izotov, A.N Vedenin, R.P Vasina «The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ketamine on background of bolus introduction of contrast media during X-ray endovascular interventions in children.» Anesteziologiya i Reanimatologiya 1 (2001): 38-43.

34. Simonov, E.A, S.A Savchuk, V.I Sorokin, J.V Kislun, E.A Kluev «Hydroxybutyrate, its precursors and metabolites.» Narkologia 3 (2002): 12-19.

35. Barsegyan, S.S, S.A Savchuk, G.I Baram, I.B Barsegyan, V.F Gelemeev «Comprehensive study of expert objects containing desomorphine.» Narkologia 2 (2007): 13-21.

36. Savchuk, S.A, S.S Barsegyan, I.B Barsegyan, G.M Kolesov «Chromatographic study of expert samples containing desomorphine» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 4 (2008): 396-405.

37. Lazarev, V.V, V.A Mikhelson, A.A Burakov, B.N Izotov, S.A Savchuk «Water balance and pharmacokinetics of ketamine anesthesia during X-ray endovascular interventions in children.» Anesteziologiya i Reanimatologiya 1 (2004): 23-27.

38. Grigorjev A.M, S.A Savchuk «Harmonization of gas chromatographic retention libraries.» Journal of Analytical Chemistry 4 (2010): 388-397.

39. Andrej Grigoryev, Sergey Savchuk, Aleksandra Melnik, Natal’ja Moskaleva, Jurij Dzhurko, Mihail Ershov, Aleksandr Nosyrev, Aleksandr Vedenin, Boris Izotov, Irina Zabirova, Vladimir Rozhanets. «Chromatography–mass spectrometry studies on the metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073, psychoactive components of smoking mixtures.» Journal of Chromatography B, 879 (2011) 1126–1136.

40. Andrej Grigoryev, Aleksandra Melnik, Sergey Savchuk, Anton Simonov, Vladimir Rozhanets. «Gas and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry studies on the metabolism of the synthetic phenylacetylindole cannabimimetic JWH-250, the psychoactive component of smoking mixtures.» Journal of Chromatography B, 879 (2011) 2519– 2526.

41. Savchuk, S.A, M.A Gofenberg, N.A Nikitina, A.V Nadezhdin, E.J Tetenova «Detection of synthetic cannabimimetics PB-22, PB-22F, AB-PINACA, AB-FUBINACA markers in hair and urine samples by GC-MS.» Narkologia 11 (2013): 60-66.

42. Savchuk, S.A, B.N Izotov «Information Letter »On Detection of synthetic cannabimimetics metabolites in urine, hair and serum samples by gas chromatography with mass selective detection«.» Narkologia 1 (2014): 91-95.

43. Savchuk, S.A, A.M Grigorjev, S.S Kataev, B.N Izotov, M.A Gofenberg, L.A Gizetdinova, A.A Mingazov, N.M Nikitina «Information letter »Identification of narcotic and psychoactive substances in biological fluids and hair by gas chromatography with mass selective detection«» Narkologia 1 (2014): 97-98.

44. Gizetdinova, L.A, A.A Mingazov, R.R Nugmanova, O.A Dernova, A.R Pilyaeva, S.A Savchuk «Chromatography-mass spectrometric detection of the new drug Methoxetamine and synthetic cannabimimetics PB22, PB22F, AB-PINACA, AB-FUBINACA, FUB-PB-22 in biological fluids and hair samples in Naberezhnye Chelny Drug Dependency Clinic.» Narkologia 3 (2014): 66-73.

45. Savchuk, S.A, M.A Gofenberg, N.M Nikitina, L.A Gizetdinova, A.A Mingazov, K.A Skrebkova, N.V Samyshkina, L.N Rizvanova, J.V Kosheleva, V.A Shevyrin, S.S Kataev, A.M Grigorjev «Information letter »Detection of synthetic cannabimimetics, drugs, psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in urine, hair and nails by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection«» Narkologia 8 (2014): 65-75.

46. Savchuk, S.A, N.M Nikitina, I.V Bondar, A.V Nadezhdin, E.J Tetenova, M.A Kovinka, D.D Boginskaya «Optimization of hair sample preparation methods for the analysis of drugs by gas chromatography with mass selective detection.» Narkologia 8 (2014): 76-82.

47. Arbuzov, V.N, S.A Savchuk, B.M Alyoshkin, I.V Frolova «Integrated application of methods for determining the authenticity of vodkas.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 8 (2001): 22-25.

48. Savchuk, S.A «On the identification of the nature of ethyl alcohol. Part I.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 1 (2005): 32-38.

49. Savchuk, S.A «On the identification of the nature of ethyl alcohol. Part II.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 1 (2005): 32-38.

50. Vyazmina, N.A, S.A Savchuk «Identification of ethanol impurities using different types of chromatographic columns. Part I.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 7 (2005): 32-38.

51. Vyazmina, N.A, S.A Savchuk «Identification of ethanol impurities using different types of chromatographic columns. Part II.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 7 (2005): 22-27.

52. Vyazmina, N.A, S.A Savchuk «Study of the impurity composition of ethanol and its distillation products.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 2 (2002): 30-40.

53. Savchuk, S.A, V.N Vlasov «Identification of wine products by high-performance chromatography and spectrometry methods.» Vinograd i vino Rossyi 5 (2000): 5-13.

54. Savchuk, S.A «Quality control and identification of the authenticity of brandies by chromatographic methods.» Metody otsenki sootvetstviya 8(2): 18-24.

55. Savchuk, S.A «Quality control and identification of the authenticity of brandies by chromatographic methods.» Metody otsenki sootvetstviya 8(2): 30-36.

56. Nuzhnyj, V.P, S.A Savchuk, I.V Demeshina, I.G Zabirova, V.P Listvina, D.V Samoylik, L.A Surkova, E.B Tezikov «Composition and toxicity of moonshine from sugar and honey.» Abstract collection of science and technology news VINITI, 1999.Series Medicine. Issue alcoholism. 1-10.

57. Nuzhnyj, V.P, S.A Savchuk, I.V Demeshina, I.G Zabirova, V.P Listvina, D.V Samoylik, L.A Surkova, E.B Tezikov Chemical composition, acute and subacute toxicity of homemade alcoholic beverages (moonshine). Problems of identifying alcohol products. Proceedings. Moscow: State Committee of Russia for Standards, 2011. Print.

58. Savchuk, S.A, K.V Kobelev, T.P Ryzhova, V.N Arbuzov, S.A Apollonova, E.A Simonov, V.I Sorokin «Application of new chromatographic methods in the study of beer.» Pivo i napitki 1 (2003):15-21.

59. Nuzhnyj, V.P, S.A Savchuk «Alcohol-related mortality and toxicity of alcohol. Part I.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 5 (2005): 18-26.

60. Nuzhnyj, V.P, S.A Savchuk «Alcohol-related mortality and toxicity of alcohol. Part II.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 5 (2005): 27-34.

61. Nuzhnyj, V.P, S.A Savchuk «Alcohol-related mortality and toxicity of alcohol. Part III.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 6 (2005): 27-34.

62. Nuzhnyj, V.P, S.A Savchuk «Alcohol-related mortality and toxicity of alcohol. Part IV.» Partnery i konkurenty. Magazine for certification bodies and testing laboratories of Russian State Agency for technical regulations and metrology 7 (2005): 25-31.

63. Savchuk, S.A, A.N Vedenin «Application of program for retention time fixation under chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of analytes.» Russian Chemical Journal of the Mendeleev Russian Chemical Society 1 (2003): 141.

64. Lazarev, V.V, J.A Polyaev, S.A Savchuk, B.N Izotov «Effect of bolus injection of radiopaque agents on the pharmacokinetics of ketamine and the course of anesthesia during endovascular interventions in children.» Scientific and practical journal Detskaya Bolnitsa 2 (2001): 12-17.

65. Savchuk, S.A, A.N Vedenin, A.V Smirnov, E.A Simonov, O.B Dorogokupets, V.I Sorokin, J.V Kislun «Study of the influence of medicines and food for correct determination of opiates and some other drugs in biological specimens (urine).» Laboratorny Zhurnal 2 (2002): 18-23.