Microsatellite Instability in Epithelical Cells of Gastric Polyp

Alpidovskaya O. V.
MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Chair for General and Clinical Morphology and Forensic Medicine¹

1 - Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov«, Cheboksary, Russian Federation

Alpidovskaya Olga; e-mail: olavorobeva@mail.ru

None declared.

The study had no sponsorship.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a predisposition to mutations resulting from impaired DNA mismatch repair and is an important factor in the occurrence and development of tumors. The aim of this study was to describe MSI using markers MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 in epithelial cells of benign gastric lesions. It was found that the phenomenon of microsatellite instability was observed in polypoid gastric lesions, except for foveolar hyperplasia, in the following percentages: in hyperplastic polyps – low-level MSI (40%), high-level MSI (19%), and absence of MSI (41%); in foveolar-type adenoma with low-grade dysplasia – low-level MSI (18.8%), high-level MSI (31.2%), and absence of MSI (50%); in foveolar-type adenoma with high-grade dysplasia – low-level MSI (0%), high-level MSI (42%), and absence of MSI (58%). The highest response was observed in foveolar-type adenoma with high-grade and low-grade dysplasia, suggesting that microsatellite instability may play a role in the process of malignant transformation.

microsatellite instability, hyperplastic polyps, adenomatous polyps, immunohistochemical method

10.29234/2308-9113-2025-13-1-16-21

1. Kononov A.V., Rubcov V.A., Parygina M.N. Predrakovye izmeneniya slizistoj obolochki zheludka: ot progenitornoj kletki i mikrosatellitnoj nestabil'nosti k klinicheskoj interpretacii riska raka zheludka. [Precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa: from progenitor cell and microsatellite instability to clinical interpretation of gastric cancer risk]. Rossijskij zhurnal gastroenterologii, gepatologii, koloproktologii. [Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Proctology] 2024; 34 (4): 50-63, doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2024-34-4-50-63 (In Russ.)

2. Danilova N.V., Oleynikova N.A., Malkov P.G. Klassifikaciya epitelial'nyh opuholej zheludka VOZ 2019 g., 5-e izdanie. [WHO classification of epithelial tumours of the stomach 2019, 5th edition.] Arhiv patologii. [Archives of pathology] 2020; 82 (4): 58‑69. 10.17116/patol20208204158 (In Russ.)

3. Alpidovskaya O.V. Polipovidnye obrazovaniya zheludka (obzor). [Polypoid formations of the stomach (review).] Vestnik nauchnyh konferencij [Bulletin of scientific conferences] 2024; (5-1): 11-13. (In Russ.)  

4. Puga M.Yu., Guskova O.N. Patogistologicheskie osobennosti giperplasticheskih polipov zheludka. [Pathohistological features of hyperplastic gastric polyps.] Tverskoj medicinskij zhurnal [Tver Medical Journal] 2016; (4): 65-68. (In Russ.)

5. Daibo M., Itabashi M., Hirota T. Malignant transformation of gastric hyperplastic polyps. Am J Gastroenterol. 1987; 82(10): 1016-1025.

6. Orlowska J., Jarosz D., Pachlewski J., Butruk E. Malignant transformation of benign epithelial gastric polyps. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995; 90(12): 2152-2159.

7. Zea-Iriarte W.L., Sekine I, Itsuno M., Makiyama K., Naito S., Nakayama T., Nishisawa-Takano J.E., Hattori T. Carcinoma in gastric hyperplastic polyps. A phenotypic study. Dig Dis Sci. 1996; 41 (2): 377-386, doi: 10.1007/bf02093832

8. Abraham S.C., Singh V.K., Yardley J.H., Wu T.T. Hyperplastic polyps of the stomach: associations with histologic patterns of gastritis and gastric atrophy. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001; 25(4): 500-507, doi: 10.1097/00000478-200104000-00010

9. Terada T. Malignant transformation of foveolar hyperplastic polyp of the stomach: a histopathological study. Med Oncol. 2011; 28(4): 941-944, doi: 10.1007/s12032-010-9556-6

10. Danilova N.V., Popov P.V., Oleynikova N.A. Adenokarcinoma v gigantskom giperplasticheskom polipe zheludka. [Adenocarcinoma in a giant hyperplastic polyp of the stomach.] Arhiv patologii [Archives of pathology] 2017; 79(6): 43‑52.

11. Pai R.K., Bettington M., Srivastava A., Rosty C. An update on the morphology and molecular pathology of serrated colorectal polyps and associated carcinomas. Modern Pathology. 2019; 10 (32): 1390-1415.

12. Bogomolova I.A., Antoneeva I.I., Dolgova D.R. Klinicheskie osobennosti techeniya kolorektal'nogo raka u pacientov s mutaciyami genov BOBK signal'nogo puti. [Clinical features of the course of colorectal cancer in patients with mutations of the genes of the BAK signaling pathway.]. Ul'yanovskij mediko-biologicheskij zhurnal [Ulyanovsk Medical and Biological Journal] 2019; 1: 60-67.

13. Zavalishina L.E., Andreeva Yu.Yu., Olyushina E.M., Frank G.A. Issledovanie MB1-fenotipa urotelial'nogo raka mochevogo puzyrya immunogistohimicheskim metodom. [Study of the MB1 phenotype of urothelial bladder cancer using the immunohistochemical method.].  Arhiv patologii [Archives of pathology]. 2020; 1 (82): 5-14.